Author:
Moh. Dede, Sunardi Sunardi, Kuok-Choy Lam, Susanti Withaningsih, Hendarmawan & Teguh Husodo
A 273% increase in built-up areas was observed (1993–2023), driven by slope, proximity to rivers, and existing settlements. The study calls for strict spatial planning, river buffer protection, and industry compliance with wastewater regulations.
Relevant SDGs: SDG 6 (Water & Sanitation), SDG 11 (Urban Resilience), SDG 12 (Responsible Production), SDG 15 (Ecosystems), SDG 17 (Partnerships).
